Should College Athletes Be Paid - 1874 Words

Debating to pay college athletes for their time, effort, and the money the help generate for the school they attend has been an ongoing debate for countless years. This issue has become more prevalent in recent years because of the expense of living in today’s economy, and the fact that big-time college athletes contribute but do not receive any of the millions of dollars generated by their sports. Stanley Eitzen, a professor emeritus of sociology at Colorado State University, former president of the North American Society for the Sociology of Sport, and the author of Fair and Foul: Beyond the Myths and Paradoxes of Sport, stands up for athletes and demands that society and the NCAA [National Collegiate Athletic Association], reconsider†¦show more content†¦His statistics show the outlandish amount of money that is generated by big-time college sports, often disputed by the NCAA. Not having enough money to pay athletes what they deserve has been one of the biggest arguments from universities and colleges for many years. However, Eitzen’s article and the statics he provides proves that these big-time sports programs generate more than enough to compensate their athletes more than what they receive from athletic scholarships. One statistic he provides states that â€Å"The NCAA has signed a 6.2 trillion dollar, 11 year deal giving CBS [Columbia Broadcasting System] the right to televise its men’s basketball championship. (That’s 5.45 million dollars a year, up from 2.16 million with the arrangement that ended in 2002)† (Eitzen 3). This statistic does not include the money the NCAA generates from advertising and ticket sales from the tournament. Athletes see none of this money. According to Eitzen, the athletes and their performance are the reason all this money is being made, yet they are not rewarded for their efforts. Eitzen states that these athletes are being served another injustice by witnessing their coaches benefit from all their hard work. He writes about a set of unfair regulations the NCAA has created in order to keep big-time college sports â€Å"amateur†. The regulations state, â€Å"They may receive only educational benefits (i.e., room, board, tuition, fees, and books); cannot sign with an agent and retain eligibility;

Booker T. Washingtons Up from Slavery Essay - 1467 Words

The book, Up From Slavery, written by Booker Taliaferro Washington, profoundly touched me when I read it. Washington overcame many obstacles throughout his life. He became perhaps the most prominent black leader of his time. Booker T. Washington belived that African Americans could gain equality by improving their economic situation through education rather than by demanding equal rights. Washington’s life story was told during the mid to late 1800’s into the early 1900’s, in the time when the Emancipation Proclamation had gone into effect. The Emancipation Proclamation was one major event in history that forever changed our country. All slaves were free and had to go find a new place to live and a new place to work.†¦show more content†¦The trip from Franklin county to Malden, West Virginia was the first he had ever taken. The trip took Booker’s family many days because all of them had to walk to whole way. They settled in a very small house with many other black and very poor white neighbors. His step-father soon found work for Booker and his brother John. They worked in the salt furnaces and coal mines. Booker did not want to work he wanted to go to school to learn. A school teacher, Mr. William Davis, came into his community. Booker was eager to attend the school but his step-father was not able to spare me from work, s o could not attend it when it was first opened. Booker would go to work during the day and be taught by a teacher at night. This seemed to be a problem because the teacher his mother hired didn’t know much more then he. After working in the coal mine for some time, his mother found a position for him as a house boy for the Ruffner Family. He went to live with Ruffner’s with many fears and doubts. Mrs. Viola Ruffner had the reputation of being very strict and hard to please. While staying at the Ruffner household Booker learned the exact way to have things; clean, neat, and orderly. Mrs. Ruffner taught him for a few hours in the afternoon. She was his first real teacher that gave him a great part of his education. After being at the Ruffner house for about four years Booker made the decision to attendShow MoreRelatedEssay about Booker T. Washingtons Up From Slavery2557 Words   |  11 PagesBooker T. Washingtons Up From Slavery The autobiography of Booker T. Washing titled Up From Slavery is a rich narrative of the mans life from slavery to one of the founders of the Tuskegee Institute. The book takes us through one of the most dynamic periods in this countrys history, especially African Americans. I am very interested in the period following the Civil War and especially in the transformation of African Americans from slaves to freemen. Up From Slavery provides a great dealRead MoreComparison of Booker T. Washingtons Up from Slavery and Web Dubois The Souls of Black Folk871 Words   |  4 PagesDuring a time period when slavery had finally come to an end, African Americans still struggled as their opportunities for equality were next to nonexistent. In this time of hardship and unfair treatment, not many of those facing these adversities had the courage to speak out on their beliefs for change; Booker T. Washington and WEB Dubois, however, did not possess such fears — both thoroughly articulated the ir opinions and stood for what they believed was right. Booker T. Washington and WEB DuboisRead MoreTheu.s. B. Du Bois1310 Words   |  6 PagesSame Ideas, Different Results For more than a hundred years, important African-American leaders such as Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois have been both acclaimed and cherished in our society’s history books for their individual efforts in the struggle for the civil and political advancement of African-Americans. These two seem to be the main advocates for the advancement of African-Americans in the United States of American after the Civil War, but both had a different approach to it. AlthoughRead MoreDu Bois And Booker T Washington Essay1150 Words   |  5 PagesBoth W.E.B Du Bois and Booker T. Washington were prominent figures in the advancement of African Americans during the 19th and 20th centuries. The facade of unity among these leaders was broken when Du Bois addressed Washington’s book, Up From Slavery, in a chapter named â€Å"Of Booker T. Washington and Others† from his novel, The Souls of Black Folk. Although he did acknowledge the accomplishments of Washington, Du Bois w as clearly opposed to most of his ideas. Through the topics of submission and educationRead MoreEssay on Booker T. Washingtons Immense Achievements 952 Words   |  4 Pages1856, Booker Taliaferro Washington was born into slavery in Hale’s Ford, Virginia on a local plantation. Being born into slavery, it was quite clear that Washington would never amount to much. Knowing this though, did not stop him from dreaming about the many achievements he wanted to accomplish. Washington’s passion to learn is what transformed him into, not a lowly slave, but instead: an educator, a writer and the founder of the Tuskegee Institute. Through these achievements though, Booker T. WashingtonRead MoreThe Aftermath Of The Civil War Essay1413 Words   |  6 PagesThe aftermath of the civil war came a drastic change to the United States, or so some thought. Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863. In this document, Lincoln outlawed slavery throughout the entire nat ion. African Americans not only believed that after the Emancipation Proclamation they would obtain civil rights, but also they expected to have the basic liberties as their fellow Americans. Subsequently, this was not the case. Caucasians, specifically in the south, still viewedRead MoreUp From Slavery, by Booker T. Washington Essay1140 Words   |  5 PagesBooker T. Washington was a young black male born into the shackles of Southern slavery. With the Union victory in the Civil War and the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863, Washington’s family and blacks in the United States found hope in a new opportunity, freedom. Washington saw this freedom as an opportunity to pursue a practical education. Through perseverance and good fortunes, Washington was able to attain that education at Hampton National Institute. At Hampton, his experiences and beliefsRead MoreBooker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois and John Hope Essay1286 Words   |  6 Pagescomplete mess after the Civil War . The early part of the 20th century brought many changes for African Americans. There was a difficult challenge of helping newly free African American slaves assimilate among their white counterparts. They suffered from crop failures, economic hardships, and the early failures of Reconstruction in the south. So as result many Southern African Americans migrated to northern cities in search of employment and a chance at a better life. However, Southern African AmericansRead MoreBooker T.Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois Essay1184 Words   |  5 Pagescreated a tertium quid, and called it a negro† (Du Bois). In the late 19th and 20th centuries a strong push for economic and social progress for African-Americans was being made. The prominent leaders of this movement amongst the Black community were Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois, however they had very differing views on how to achieve this goal (PBS.org). Washington and Du Bois essentially split the Black community into tw o parties, radical and conservative. Du Bois, the radical, preached forRead MoreThe Five Most Important Ideas in Up from Slavery Essay1006 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Up from Slavery† is an autobiography written by Booker T. Washington. The book mainly talks about Washington’s life and how he had over come a lot of obstacles to reach his success. The book teaches us a lot of things, some of them are still useful today. There are five significant ideas that Booker wanted the readers to learn from his book; these five things are: education, slavery, work, the relationship between two races and the meaning of success. The most obvious and significant idea of

Essay Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 - 1102 Words

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is the single most important piece of legislation that has helped to shape and define employment law rights in this country (Bennett-Alexander Hartman, 2001). Title VII prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, age, gender, disability, religion and national origin. However, it was racial discrimination that was the moving force of the law that created a whirlwind of a variety of discriminations to be amended into Title VII. Title VII was a striving section of legislation, an effort which had never been tried which made the passage of the law an extremely uneasy task. This paper will discuss the evolution of Title VII as well as the impact Title VII has had in the workforce.†¦show more content†¦This was just three years after Congress had voted down an amendment to Title VII to include age discrimination as an unlawful employment practice (www.eeoc.gov). In 1972, Title VII was amended to include the Equal Employment Oppo rtunity Act which promises equal opportunities for all of mankind. The Rehabilitation Act was passed in 1973 which prohibits the Federal Government, as an employer, from discriminating against qualified individuals with disabilities. In 1976, in General Electric Co. v. Gilbert, the Supreme Court ruled that health insurance for employees providing sickness and accident benefits for any disability but those arising as a result of pregnancy did not constitute sex discrimination under Title VII (www.eeoc.gov). Congress amended Title VII in 1978 by passing the Pregnancy Discrimination Act and made it clear that discrimination based on pregnancy is unlawful sex discrimination. This legislation reversed the Supreme Courts Gilbert decision in 1976. Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1991 which overruled several Supreme Court decisions rendered in the 1980s that had made it more difficult for plaintiffs to prevail in their employment discrimination suits and to recover fees and costs wh en they won their lawsuits (www.eeoc.gov). The amendment stated that parties can request jury trials and those successful plaintiffs can recover compensatory and punitive damages in employment discrimination cases. This amendment hasShow MoreRelatedTitle Vii, the Civil Rights Act of 19643095 Words   |  13 PagesTitle VII, The Civil Rights Act of 1964 Abstract Under federal law, an employer usually cannot make work-related decisions based upon an employees religion. This means, that generally an employer has to give their workers time off from work to practice their faith and celebrate religious holidays. Employers may face legal issues and be fined if they refuse time off without a good reason. Time offRead MoreTitle Vii Of The Civil Rights Act Of 19641831 Words   |  8 PagesTitle VII Strategies by Minority Groups (African Americans, Women, Mexicans and Jewish Americans) Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a federal Law that prohibits employers from discriminating against employees on the grounds of sex, race, color, national origin and religion (www.aauw.org). Thus far in our lectures we have discussed the strategies used by various minority groups who have been discriminated against in violation of Title VII. There has been land mark decisions made fromRead MoreThe Civil Rights Act Of Title Vii Of 19642017 Words   |  9 Pagesthe United States, from the Civil Rights Act and Title VII of 1964 (which prohibits discrimination based on race, color, sex, religion, and natural origin), Age Discrimination Act of 1967, Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978, and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, just to name a few. These, and a multitude of other laws, have been created as a need to comply with equal opportunity employment objectives as well as a personal feeling of wanting to â€Å"do the right thing.† Now, many decadesRe ad MoreRetaliation And The Title Vii Of The Civil Rights Act Of 19641117 Words   |  5 PagesRetaliation and the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 John R. Collins Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University MGMT 533 Social Responsibility, Ethics and Law Daniel A. Papajcik March 6, 2016 Introduction Charges of workplace discrimination is said to be at an all time high. During the 2015 fiscal year the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity released information that claims there were more than 89,000 charges filed for workplace discrimination. One of the top ten charges is said toRead MoreThe Protections Of Title Vii Of The Civil Rights Act Of 1964 Essay1397 Words   |  6 Pagessettings by ensuring the employee gets an equal opportunity to work and workplace discrimination to be controlled. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 protects individuals from discrimination based upon their sex and makes it illegal for a business to discriminate against a person’s hiring, firing, and additional terms and conditions of hire (Alexander Hartman, 2001). Title VII covers all private employers, government employees, and any institution that employs 15 or more persons. These lawsRead MoreThe Protection Of Title Vii Of The Civil Rights Act Of 19641135 Words   |  5 PagesTesting and Privacy Outside of the protection of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, many states have issued this problem as a privacy issue between employer and employee instead of a protected classification. â€Å"Nowhere in the United States Constitution is explicit reference made to the right of privacy. The Supreme Court, however, has interpreted the Constitution to provide for individual privacy in certain areas such as reproduction, contraception, abortion and marriage. ThereRead MoreAnti Discrimination Law : Title Vii Of The Civil Rights Act Of 1964 Essay944 Words   |  4 PagesAnti-discrimination law: Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964- Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 protects American citizens and U.S. employees working abroad such as Mexico: SANCHEZ vs. MORA-SAN MIGUEL ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE, INC Case No. CV-96-1430 RLP/WWD (1997), 10th Cir. N.M., 1999: Ms. Sanchez won lawsuit against former employer, Mora-San Miguel Electric Cooperative for terminating her due to sexual discrimination, which violates the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Mexico HumanRead MoreTitle Vii Of The Civil Rights Act Of 1964 Prohibiting Job Discrimination1141 Words   |  5 PagesTitle VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits job discrimination based on race, color, gender, religion and nation of origin. With the recent acceptance of marriage equality, it may leave the population doubting if they can be open and honest about their life. While, Title VII now encompasses the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) population, individuals may continue to fear their protection within the employment process. This is due to the ongoing debate within each state to implementRead MoreGelato Cheese Company: Are They in Compliance with the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA)?641 Words   |  3 PagesIntroduction The purpose of this assignment is to consider whether or not Gelato Cheese Company should make any changes in order to be in compliance with the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA). This paper will discuss the definition of Title VII, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, and its application in employment decisions. In order to be employed at Gelato Cheese Company for its cleaning crew, it is required that you have a high school diploma/Read MoreThe History and Evolution of Title Vii and Its Amendments (Pda, Ada, Adea).895 Words   |  4 Pagesa.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The history and evolution of Title VII and its amendments (PDA, ADA, Adea). b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The application of Title VII and amendments in the workplace. In 1943 Congress introduced the very first equal employment bill but it failed to pass both houses. Congress for the next twenty years introduced equal employment bills but they were either kicked by committee or died under the threat of Senate filibusters. The failure of these bills were no surprise given the history of discrimination in

John Thomas Hobbes s The Leviathan - 2434 Words

Over the course of history humans have evolved and continue to due so in countless ways, but one of the most interesting of all evolutions is to see how we have become social creatures and what is expected of us as human beings. The way we interact is greatly influenced by a number of things, which we are able to analyze over time in order to point out influential factors, which shape the way that we live together in communities across the world. Thomas Hobbes mentions in the Leviathan, that human beings are born into a ‘state of nature’ where the state of nature is a war of all against all, in which human beings constantly seek to destroy each other in a never-ending pursuit for power. Power, according to Anthony Giddens, refers to a†¦show more content†¦In Giddens’ â€Å"State, Society and Modern History†, we learn what it means to have power being an agent. The author writes about two types of power, which are allocative and authoritative. The first refers to the dominion over material facilities like perhaps non-renewable resources or access to agriculture that perhaps other states do not have available to them. The second refers to the actual dominion over human activities like it is to enforce the law and have citizens abide by the rules. According to Giddens, to be an agent is to be able to make a difference to the world, and to be able to do that is to have power. This is a very important point since it provides with a very good base for what is to be discussed next. Otto Hintze and Max Weber, the â€Å"founding fathers† of state building theory, make a lot of emphasis on the use of violence and warfare as successful means for state building. The work of these authors is very interesting and logical since it provides us with proof of what has worked effectively in the past. Weber’s definition of the state is divided into three main components, which are the existence of regularized administrative staff able to sustain the claim to legitimate monopoly control of the means of violence and uphold that monopoly within a territorial area. In other words, have a government that is able to put a strong and large army that is feared by others and be able to protect their borders with such army. Hintze says it is military

Essay on The Man Who Changed South Africa Nelson...

How could a man become president of such a strong country after being imprisoned for nearly three decades and being a minority race? His name was Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela. He is a true inspiration to those who hear his story. Starting out as nothing more than a black man and ending as a person whose name is heard and recognized all over the world is something that just briefly explains Nelson Mandela’s life. As a true anti-apartheid Nelson Mandela did wonders for equality with much power even when imprisoned for nearly three decades (Smolowe 62). Nelson Mandela was a man admired by the world for his perseverance in his devotion to equality and becoming president after being incarcerated for 27 years meanwhile maintaining respect from†¦show more content†¦Once the ANC came to an end, Mandela decided to join a secret rebellious armed organization; very same to the ANC, at which one point in time he decided to lead. Sadly, this act of civil disobedience landed him in pr ison. Their hideaway was discovered in the early 60’s and inside the secret hideout implicating documents and equipment designed originally for bomb making was discovered. This led to a long trial for which Nelson Mandela told the court that his beliefs on equality and a free society â€Å"is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs to be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die† (Smolowe 62). He was sentenced to 5 years in prison (Perry 26). Furthermore, many can assume the feelings of anger and disappointment most of South Africa faced when news of Nelson Mandela’s imprisonment was leaked to the country. Mandela, only 45 years old at the time, was shipped to an island very similar to Alcatraz in California. It was called Robben Island. He was prisoner 466/64 and endured a cell that was only 8x7 feet in size. Here in this prison the improper treatment of different colored men was the worst Nelson Mandela had seen. He said â€Å"You have no idea, of the cruelty of man against man until you have been in a South African prison with black prisoners and white wardens† (Smolowe 62). Even with the roadblock of being incarcerated, the tenacious man still continued to protest from prison leading him toShow MoreRelatedBiography of Nelson Mandela1334 Words   |  6 PagesNelson Mandela Born and raised in South Africa. According to the Nelson Mandela Foundation, Rolihlahla Mandela was born in Mvezo, Transkei, on July 18,1918 to parents Nonqaphi Nosekeni and Nkosi Mphakanyiswa Galda Mandela. Rolihlahla Mandela was raised in a home with a family that always worked towards bettering the future. Mandela’s childhood was peaceful, he spent time on cattle herding and other rural pursuits. He was one of thirteen children, and had three older brothers all who were ofRead MoreMake Your Enemy Your Partner Says Nelson Mandela538 Words   |  2 Pagesyour partner.† This is what Nelson Mandela once said. Mandela was a man who changed the world in so many ways. He believed that education was a very powerful weapon able to change the world. He was someone who was very involved with the Anti-apartheid, in his own country. Nelson never gave up on what he believed in, this showed in the way he protested for his country. Rolihlahla Mandela was born on July 18, 1918, into the Madiba clain in Mvezo, Transkei. When Mandela was 12 his father died, forcingRead MoreNelson Mandela: The Living Legend1089 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Speech 101 5 November 2013 Informative Speech: Nelson Mandela: The Living Legend Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about Nelson Mandela and his achievement and positive impact on Africa and the world. Central Idea: Nelson Mandela’s struggle and achievement in South Africa and around the world. Introduction: Attention Getter: Take a moment and think this situation. You are young and ambitious. Your dream is to free your people and your country. You decided to protest anyway againstRead MoreThe War I And World War II881 Words   |  4 Pages INTRODUTION 2 Rolihlahla Mandela was born in July 18th of 1918 in a village called Mvezo, situated in South Africa. He attended a Christian school where he was given the name Nelson as it was a custom to give Christian names to school children (Moloko, 2014). He was from a very poor family and always wanted to help his people out of such poverty. His parents raised him telling stories of their ancestors’ accomplishments and he begun to dream of doing the same, which indeed he did. DRAWINGRead MoreMandela: A Life Devoted to Change and Freedom2008 Words   |  9 Pagescolonies in Africa. Through a slow process between 1902 and 1910, the four colonies became a unified union. By May 1910, Britain passed the South Africa Act and the four colonies became one independent colony. It was formally named the Union of South Africa. While white South Africans rejoiced, black South Africans did not see hope in their future. Although black South Africans made up two-thirds of the population, the South African Parliament was controlled by extremist Afrikaners – people who favoredRead MoreNelson Mandela character analysis1643 Words   |  7 PagesPrimary socialisation Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was born on July 18th, 1918 and recently died on December 5th 2013. He was born in Eastern Cape, South Africa. Gadla Henry Mphakanyiswa (father) Nonqaphi Nosekeni (mother) were both Christians, therefore so was Mr Mandela. His father Gadla was the head chief in his community. The strengths his father would have needed were to speak up for his people, have courage, be caring, be supportive of his community, strong, powerful worker, a good communicatorRead MoreNelson Mandela s Leadership Characteristics1971 Words   |  8 Pagescharacter of the considerable leader, Nelson Mandela, is huge today on a global connection is mainly because of his political activities in South Africa. However his own ha spread more than that of a South African leader, yet in to an internationally perceived key leader who helped South Africa, as well as humanity too. The leadership characteristics of Nelson Mandela can be watched and saw in line with the oppression of all races other than white confronted in South Africa. He not just needed to manageRead MoreThe Bravery of Nelson Mandela1431 Words   |  6 Pageslife is free or arrives without trying. In alignment to be brave, a person should have courageous, persistent, and honest Nelson Mandela, the previous leader of South Africa, did not choose to take an easy walk to flexibility. Mandela is highly regarded all through the phrase for his integrity, courage, and dignity to be able to help his people in South Africa. Nelson Mandela is well renowned in his homeland as a champion for his bravery to stand for what he believed was right, and endured yearsRead MoreThe Black And White Water Fountains1918 Words   |  8 Pagesenvironments and the unequal treatments that African Americans faced such as the â€Å"black and white water fountains† in the South. Dating back to the beginning of the 1910s, Apartheid has done its share in racial segregation .It as an immense conflict that was yet concluded by the people who collaborated to form the Anti-Apartheid movement. Resistance to apartheid within South Africa took many forms over the years, from non-violent demonstrations, protests and strikes to political action and eventuallyRead MoreShort Summary Of Nelson Mandela s Long Walk On Freedom 2483 Words   |  10 Pageswill do so until the end of my days.† Nelson Mandela. He was birthed into greatness and it is safe to say that he was a publicly acclaimed leader for his great efforts during the Apartheid in South Africa. Many would identify a leader in many ways but, the most important aspect of leadership is to go against the circumstances and make a difference. Mandela’s childhood experiences and life after helped shaped his beliefs and values that would label him the man he became to be. In terms of culture and

Animal Species Essay Example For Students

Animal Species Essay Living creatures on Earth need three basic things in order to survive: theability to eat, breath, and reproduce. All animals are able to do so. Animalsare divided into species, among these species are: Mammals, Reptiles,Arthropods, and Aves. Mammals, also known as Mammalia, come from Latin meaningmamma breast. They are called this due to the fact that Mammals are the onlyanimals which have mammary glands, which enable them to nourish their youngsolely on milk secreted from these glands. Mammals are warm blooded, and all,except for marine mammals, are mostly or completely covered with hair. Mammalsgive birth to live young, however, there are a few rare exceptions to this rule. A few mammals, such as the platypus, lay eggs instead of having live young. Yetonce the eggs are hatched the females do have mammary glands, and produce milkfor their young. Another feature of mammals is that their heart has fourchambers and a muscular diaphragm that separates their chest and abdominalcavity. The mammal class includes: Dogs, cats, horses, beavers, dolphins, batsand humans. Another animal species are Reptiles, also known as Reptil which isLatin for Reptus, meaning to crawl. Reptiles are usually hairless with dry,scaly skin. They are cold-blooded, which means in order for them to maintain astable body temperature, they must be exposed to some heat source, such as thesun, or a rock warmed by the heat of the day. Due to the need for warmth,Reptiles are naturally found in warm, dry climates. All reptiles, except forsnakes, have low slung bodies with long tails, balanced on four awkwardly smalllimbs. Although there are a few aquatic Reptiles (Reptiles who live mainly inwat er), they all must come up to the surface for oxygen. Reptiles do not givebirth to live young. Instead, they lay eggs on land. The female usually buriesthe eggs in warm dirt or sand to incubate them. Reptiles do not have mammaryglands therefore, their young are not dependent on their mother for food andsoon after birth, they must learn to obtain food for themselves. The Reptileclass includes: turtles, alligators, snakes, lizards, and dinosaurs. The animalspecies that makes up over eighty percent of all species are Arthropods. Arthropod comes from the Latin word, Arthropoda, meaning foot. Arthropods tendto have many legs and feet, giving purpose to their name. Arthropods areinvertebrate, which means they have no backbone. Unlike other animal species,Arthropods have what is called an exoskeleton which is an external skeleton orshell. The exoskeleton is jointed, allowing Arthropods to move, and as the theygrow, their exoskeleton sheds, or molts, and a new, larger one grows to replaceit. All Arthropods lay eggs and care for them, yet when they young are born,they are immediately independent. The Arthropod class includes: insects,spiders, centipedes, and crabs. A very beautiful, yet simply diverse animalspecies are Aves. Aves, also known as Birds, are warm-blooded, egg-layinganimals. Aves are covered with feathers and its forelimbs are wings. Likemammals, birds have a four-chambered heart; they have a relatively large brainand acute hearing but little sense of smell. Aves are highly adapted for flight. Their feathers, though light, protect against cold and wet and have greatstrength. Aves are well known for their beautiful whistle, or song, yet thesinging ability is usually restricted to, or superior in, the male. Most birdsbuild some kind of nest for their eggs, which vary in size, shape, color, andnumber according to species. Their young are cared for by the parents until theyreach maturity. The class of Aves include: geese, flamingos, humming birds, andpenguins. Each of these animal species are very unique and crucial to the Earth. .u81652bc268b7c88cdb04a039eb909ac9 , .u81652bc268b7c88cdb04a039eb909ac9 .postImageUrl , .u81652bc268b7c88cdb04a039eb909ac9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u81652bc268b7c88cdb04a039eb909ac9 , .u81652bc268b7c88cdb04a039eb909ac9:hover , .u81652bc268b7c88cdb04a039eb909ac9:visited , .u81652bc268b7c88cdb04a039eb909ac9:active { border:0!important; } .u81652bc268b7c88cdb04a039eb909ac9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u81652bc268b7c88cdb04a039eb909ac9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u81652bc268b7c88cdb04a039eb909ac9:active , .u81652bc268b7c88cdb04a039eb909ac9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u81652bc268b7c88cdb04a039eb909ac9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u81652bc268b7c88cdb04a039eb909ac9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u81652bc268b7c88cdb04a039eb909ac9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u81652bc268b7c88cdb04a039eb909ac9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u81652bc268b7c88cdb04a039eb909ac9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u81652bc268b7c88cdb04a039eb909ac9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u81652bc268b7c88cdb04a039eb909ac9 .u81652bc268b7c88cdb04a039eb909ac9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u81652bc268b7c88cdb04a039eb909ac9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Great Expectations 2 EssayWithout these diverse creatures, the world would not have the variety and beautyit beholds today. 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Product Life Cycle Management (PLM) Click Now to Get Solution

Question: ExplainProduct Life Cycle Management (PLM). Answer: Introduction: A business organization in order to initiate its business related activities should be aware of the processes that need to be incorporated and maintained for proceeding with development and growth process. Appropriate and well-informed knowledge about the products to be produced along with the presence of the advanced technology, are the required fields that have to be taken into consideration during the inception of the business organization. Proper know-how about the concepts of the product life cycle and product portfolio are the major factors determining the future progress of the companies (Sharma et al. 2016.). Product Life Cycle Management (PLM): PLCM or the Product Life Cycle Management refers to a business solution or a business approach that deals with the aspects involved in managing various processes related to the entire lifecycle of a product. These processes include right from the inception, designing, manufacture to the service and disposal of the products. PLM is one of the phases of the entire marketing process, right from the inception of the product in the market till the selling of the products. The people remain aware about the price of the products and about the constituency of the new products launched (Yue et al. 2013). Hardly, people are informed about the complete process of the PLM or the management of the life cycle of the products that are launched in the market. Therefore, Theorode Levitt did mention in one of his articles, that PLM or the Product Life Cycle Management is akin to the Copernican view of the universe. In case of the Copernican view of the universe that was devised by Copernicus, people c ame to know about the whole concept, but they hardly incorporated the fact into life. The product life cycle management shows the manner in which the span of any product is maintained in the market (Al-Refaie and Bata 2016.). The entire process of sales of any particular product reveals a definite pattern or structure. This pattern of the sales is known as the Product Life Cycle Management. The cycle consists of four definite stages, namely, Introductory stage ,Growth Stage, Maturity stage and Declining stage. Preceding the Introductory stage, there is the stage of Research and Development. The business firm incorporate specific industrial processes of Research and Development to upgrade and review the quality standards of the product before launching. The next stage is the introductory stage that initiates the process of PLM. At this stage, the business organization introduces or launches the product in the market. During this time, the demand for the product is minimal, as this is the stage when the consumers are in the process of perceiving the features and the standards of the product. Growth stage is the second stage of the PLM. This is the stage when the product begins to gain its demand, and the demand graph records an upward rising status. This is the moment, when the customers develop a trust over the products quality and suggest other consumers to do so (Askham et al., 2013). The third stage is one of Maturity. This is the stage, when the products demand continues to record a growth; however, there remains a decreasing trend in the demand. The last or the fourth dimension in the PLM is the Declining stage. At this stage, sales and the sales revenue of the product begins to decline. This is the phase that shows the fact that it is difficult for any product to continue its demand or sale with the same intensity throughout (Stark 2016.). In relation to the concept Product Lifecycle, many critics and authors did put forth various opinions. It has been proposed by few critics that that PLM or the Product Lifecycle Management process cannot be taken as a model or framework to measure or anticipate the changes that may occur in the sales revenue that can be incurred from the product, or in its demand structure. Neither this model can be presumed as a suitable framework for assessing any alternative strategies for the product. On the other hand, other critics such as Dhalla and Yuseph, opined that the it is not possible always judge the expected sales growth or demand for the product that may take place n the future. It is known that the market for any product is based on the current and expected sales growth as well as on the expected competitive intensity for the product. Thus, it is also difficult to judge or anticipate at which stage the product can be at any particular time. Moreover, PLM is such a strategy that only informs about the stages of the product that a product undergoes after it is launched in the market; however, it does not take into consideration any issue from the consumers viewpoints (ElMaraghy et al. 2013). An analysis of Product Life Cycle of Kellogs Nutri Grain (A Leading Brand in the manufacturing of the Cereals): Kellogs is known as one of the chief brands in terms of the breakfast cereals. Kellogs brands or the products have become the most common names around the world. Introductory stage: At the initial stage financial uncertainty is common due to high expenditure incurred to develop the product and investment made for promotion and extensive research expenditure. Advertising is an highly expensive part of marketing as the marketing managers have to make their customers aware of their new product (Meinrenken et al. 2014.).Although introduction is a highly expensive and uncertain stage there are ways to assist the product through the unpleasant stage; Selective distribution- distribution should begin at one place and reaction of the customers should be evaluated Introduction of various sales related schemes and discounts for attracting the demand of the consumers. Advertising and Management Proper promotion of the brands, in order to develop consumer awareness. One of the most important products of Kellogs, i.e., Kelloggs cornflakes, has reserved their market position for a long time. Nutri Grain was launched in 1997 and it was an immediate success as it was brought into the market to meet up with the needs of busy life when people hardly have time to prepare their breakfast. Nutri-Grain received about 50% share of the cereal bar market in just two years which was a great achievement for a product of any kind (Kwak and Kim 2015). Growth Stage: The second stage is that of growth stage where the consumer acceptance for the product and the sales rises. During this stage competitors up grades the information about the product sales and starts developing the competitive products. Nutri-Grains sales steadily increased as the product was promoted and became well known. It sustained the growth in sales till 2002. The market position of Nutri-Grain also subtly modified from a missed breakfast product to an all-day healthy breakfast or snack, thereby increasing its sales. (Varley 2014). Maturity Stage: In maturity stage sales continue to grow up to a certain extent. But, eventually it falls down due to increase in the competition by the competitors. As competition grows, the producers have to cut the prices for the sake of maintaining the demand for the product (Belasco 2014). Kelloggs Nutri-Grain bars faced tough competition from Alpen bars, which offered the same features as did the Nutri-Grain bar. This slowed down the growth of the market for the Nutri Grain. Kelloggs was one of the strong companies who fought for their product to succeed and overcome this stage. Kelloggs continued to support the development of the brand but some products such as Minis and Twists find competition in the crowded market. Elevenses continued to progress with its demand; this was not enough to control the overall sales decline. Declining Stage: The last stage in the PLC is the stage where the sale starts decreasing. Profit level is extremely low at this stage as the company has to reduce the price of the product in order to keep make the customers buy the product. By mid-2004 Nutri-Grain found its sales diminishing at the same time the market continued to grow at a very slow pace. Clearly, at this point, Kelloggs had to make a key business decision (Ding et al. 2014). Sales were falling; the product was in decline and losing its position (Schenkl et al.2013). However, at present the market condition of the brand in the market proves that Kelloggs has been able to retain its quality standards in the global market. The Product Life Cycle of Kellogs Nutri Grain has been also managed well throughout these years, as the market share of Kellogs has shown stability without any drastic rise or fall in demand and supply. The quality and benefits of the product with reasonable cost structure enables the consumers to satisfy their needs in everyday life (Corallo et al. 2013). Thus, in case of any kind of product, if the quality levels and the ethical standards are maintained judiciously, it becomes possible for the lifecycle of the product to complete the cycle but without losing its constancy in the market zone. Introduction to Product Portfolio: Product Portfolio refers to the range of the products that an organization manufactures or deals with in the market. A particular organization may comprise of different categories of products, which together form the Product Portfolio (Archibald and Archibald 2015). For instance, in the case of Hindustan Unilever, the brand consists of various types or an entire range of products, namely, Dove, Vaseline, Pepsodent, Lakme, Lux, Clinic Plus and many more. In case of the brand Unilever, the product Portfolio of this brand comprises of a huge range of products (Gyulai et al.2014.). The company excels in the production of different products that serve the individuals in the fields of sustainable living, personal care, refreshment, entertainment. Brands like, intercos, Lumi, REN, Sunlight, Dove, Surf Excel, CyDen, Lux, Lifebuoy, ioma, B.LAB, iluminage and many more constitute the product portfolio of the Unilever. Product Portfolio Management is such a strategy that helps the organization in managing a wide range of products. In a company, there exists many departments, and thus, in order to manage the functioning of all the departments, the company sets forth a different and separate managerial department that deals with and manages the supervision of all other departments of the company. In the similar manner, the incorporation of the concept of Product Portfolio along with the Product Portfolio management is required to manage and supervise the sales and supply of various products manufactured by the organization. The concept of the Product Portfolio Management did originate through the research that had been conducted in the arena of NPD or the New Product development. Introduction of a wide variety of new products in a company with new innovative measures is integral for an organization to prosper in the market (Li et al l2013.). When a company is able to conduct the Product portfolio Management, the company is ensured of a planned business strategy. Furthermore , if the management strategy is superior and upgraded , especially the one that is involved in the innovative measures, prudent selection, better allocation of resources and evaluation and decision making procedures, the growth of the firm in the global market zone is inevitable (Kim et al.2013). Thus, appropriate analysis of the Portfolio decisions; demand a clear understanding of the intersection among the resources, the needs of the clients of the company as well as those of the consumers and the technological strength of the organization. Four goals are associated with the strategy of the Product Portfolio Management. These include maximization of the value of the Portfolio, achieving the correct form of balance between the projects, having a strategically aligned portfolio and suitable allocation of the resources (Go 2015). Decision-making related to the portfolio is regarded as one of the most important processes or factors associated with the process of NPD of an organization . In case of one of the most well-known companies of the world, Kellogs, the aspect of the Product Portfolio management becomes very important. The presence of a varied set of products that are sold by the organization in the field breakfast cereals, demands the company to undertake favourable allocation of resources and decision making strategies in order to maintain its stability and progress in the world market (Abbey et al. 2013.) Product Portfolio of Apple: Apple Inc. Has proved itself to be one of the most innovative companies in the field of technology. It caters to a wide range of people and meets wide scope of demands. The company has been successful to satisfy the changing trends in the demand criteria of the consumers across the world (Giachetti and Dagnino 2015). Starting from Desktop and Portable Computer, it has excelled in dealing with the products like, iPod, iPhone, Smartphone and in the introduction of iTunes (the online music store). Various products in the Apple Portfolio face challenges in the market from the other competitors. These competitors are able to provide the same devices at low process unlike apple, thereby incurring less profit in order to compete with Apple. This happens mainly with the music products and services. However, the founder of the company Steve Jobs had aimed to provide the quality services to the consumers and anticipate the changing demands of the customers beforehand (Li et al.2013). Thus, the product Portfolio Management of the company is able to succeed in its innovations and strengthen its Product Portfolio by providing latest products and value-added services to the consumers. This helps the company to retain its stability in the world market, although the cost structure of the companys products and services may be high. Conclusion: Thus, it becomes clear that the Product lifecycle management strategies and the Product Portfolio management are the two major strategies of any business firm that are required to be strictly followed for the sake of encouraging and enhancing the business interest of a company (Chang et al.2014.).PLM is actually concerned with the process of updating and managing knowledge about the creation and management of the product and the technology that is implemented in the production of the product. PLM is the means that provide information about the product to both the concerned business organization and its extended enterprise as well as to the consumers. PLM consists of a set of business solutions that can give the right information about the product at the right time. On the other hand, when a company is engaged in dealing with a large number of products, it becomes a tough job for the organization to deal with the management of all the products in a prudent manner. Therefore, Product P ortfolio is incorporated by the organization to manage the hierarchy of the products in terms of their supply and sales (Meinrenken et al.2014). Recommendations: Maintenance of accurate supply and sales strategies, incorporation of the new products with the help of the innovative technologies, recruitment of specialized individuals in different departments of a company for the incorporation of developmental decisions in the company are the major prerequisites for the growth of a business (Hitt et al.2012.). These rudiments, if followed, can make the sales and supply curve of a company to move upward. These strategies coupled with PLM and Product Portfolio management can contribute towards the betterment of the promotion a particular product. References: Abbey, J.D., Guide, V.D.R. and Souza, G.C., 2013. Delayed differentiation for multiple lifecycle products. Production and Operations Management, 22(3), pp.588-602. Archibald, R.D. and Archibald, S., 2015. 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